RESUMO
En la última década, la inmigración en España desde países con un menor desarrollo ha aumentado notablemente. En este trabajo se revisan la evolución temporal de la inmigración, la heterogeneidad de este colectivo, la distribución geográfica de la población inmigrante en España, las fases de relación entre sanitarios e inmigrantes y finalmente los escenarios de atención clínica a esta población (AU)
The number of immigrants arriving from developing nations has increased dramatically in the last ten years. In this paper we review the temporal profile of immigration to Spain, the heterogeneity of this group, the geographical distribution of immigrant population in Spain, the phases of relationship of sanitary and immigrant people and finally, the clinical scenarios of attention to immigrants (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , EspanhaAssuntos
Emigração e Imigração , Viagem , Tifo Endêmico Transmitido por Pulgas/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/imunologia , Ilhas Atlânticas/epidemiologia , Reações Cruzadas , Humanos , Masculino , Rickettsia conorii/imunologia , Rickettsia typhi/imunologia , Senegal/etnologia , Tifo Endêmico Transmitido por Pulgas/epidemiologiaRESUMO
No disponible
Assuntos
Masculino , Adulto , Animais , Humanos , Tifo Endêmico Transmitido por Pulgas/diagnóstico , Tifo Endêmico Transmitido por Pulgas/tratamento farmacológico , Rickettsia typhi/imunologia , Rickettsia typhi/isolamento & purificação , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Migrantes , Senegal/etnologia , ViagemRESUMO
No disponible
Assuntos
Humanos , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Antibioticoprofilaxia , Migrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
SUMMARY We investigated the in vitro effect of total excretory/secretory and somatic antigens from Ascaris suum adults (ESA and SA) and larvae 3 (ESL3 and SL3), and of 10 purified protein fractions from ESA components on rat alveolar macrophage nitric oxide (NO) production. Our results showed that in vitro incubation of macrophages with SA and SL3 antigens of A. suum did not result in NO release from cells, whereas incubation with ESA or ESL3 antigens resulted in the stimulation of NO production by these cells, both in a specific (inhibited by L-NAME and L-canavanine) and dose-dependent manner. In addition, we could demonstrate that a purified ESA fraction consisting of three Coomassie-stained bands of approximately 37, 44 and 46 kDa is involved in the in vitro triggering of NO production by host cells. These three bands were subjected to MALDI-peptide mass fingerprint, showing similarities with phosphoglycerate kinase, elongation factor Tu and enolase molecules, respectively. Future studies will focus on the characterization of these parasite-derived molecules.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Helmintos/imunologia , Ascaríase/imunologia , Ascaris suum/imunologia , Macrófagos Alveolares/imunologia , Macrófagos Alveolares/parasitologia , Óxido Nítrico/imunologia , Animais , Canavanina/farmacologia , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Macrófagos Alveolares/metabolismo , Masculino , Peso Molecular , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico/biossíntese , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/antagonistas & inibidores , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/imunologia , Nitritos/análise , Mapeamento de Peptídeos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por MatrizRESUMO
The direct effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the viability of Toxocara canis larvae was studied. We observed that the nitric oxide donors, SIN-1 and SNOG, exert no cytotoxic effect on the in vitro viability of T. canis larvae. In addition, we developed a model in rats to elucidate the role of NO during T. canis infection. We evaluated different indicators in four experimental groups: morphological parameters, the total number cells and cell types recovered, nitrite and protein concentration, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase enzymatic activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung index and detection of anti-T. canis specific antibodies. We observed significant differences between non-infected and infected groups. The infected animals treated with the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor aminoguanidine were less damaged than infected, non-treated animals. Our results suggest that the in vivo inhibition of the synthesis of NO triggered by iNOS diminishes the deleterious effects of the parasite upon the host, especially the vascular alterations in the lungs. We could show that in vivo production of NO induced by infection with T. canis results in direct host damage. Thus, this induction may constitute an evasion/adaptation mechanism of the parasite.
